Ultrasonographic diagnosis of the retained semen straw in the uterus of a repeat breeder cow

A 6-year-old lactating Holstein cow with a history of repeat breeding syndrome [failed to conceive after three artificial inseminations [AI] with fertile semen] was referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University. According to the history, neither abnormal clinical signs, nor uterine discharge had been observed subsequent to AI. The cow had shown signs of oestrus on a cyclic and regular basis. On rectal examination, no palpable object was detected inside the uterine horns, however, transrectal ultrasonographic examination revealed a hyperechoic straw-shape object in the left uterine horn. Left-flank laparotomy was performed and after exposure of left uterine horn, the palpated straw was removed through a small hysterotomy incision. Postoperative follow-up did not show any complication. No attempt was made to inseminate the cow after operation as it was not the farmer's plan to get the cow in calf

Effect of dexamethasone in combination with acetylcysteine at different times on corneal wound healing in dogs

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of different time combinations of dexamethasone and acetylcysteine on experimentally induced corneal ulcers in dogs. Experimental corneal wounds were created surgically to the anterior one third of the cornea in the center of all eyes of 15 mixed breed dogs. The eyes were divided into five groups according to planned post-operative medications: group 1, one drop of N- acetylcysteine 3% and one drop of dexamethasone 0.1% immediately after surgery; group 2, two drops o N. acetylcysteine 3% from day 1, one drop of N-acetylcysteine 3% and one drop of dexamethasone 0.1% from day 15; group 3, two drops of N-acetylcysteine 3%; group 4, two drops of dexamethasone 0.1%; group 5 [control], two drops of normal saline. When applied immediately after corneal ulceration, dexamethasone 0.1% [group 4] decreased corneal haze significantly and did not delay corneal wound healing. Addition of dexamethasone 0.1% to N-acetylcysteine 3% from day 15 [group 2] significantly suppressed opacity at two months after the beginning of the study, but when dexamethasone 0.1% associated to N-acetylcysteine 3% immediately after corneal ulceration [group 1], significant delay in corneal wound healing was induced. It is concluded that combination of dexamethasone 0.1% and NAC 3% immediately after surgery may delay corneal wound healing, also use of these drugs individually, has no obvious clinical effect on corneal haze. On the other hand, use of these drugs in combination with each other may reduce the corneal haze in later months after discontinuation of drugs. However, further studies using larger groups of animals are needed to demonstrate the effectiveness of these pharmacological modulators following experimentally induced corneal wounds in dogs

Radiographic comparison of five different techniques for injection into the distal sesamoid bursa in cattle

Numerous techniques for injection into the distal sesamoid bursa [navicular bursa] have been described, especially in equine, but there are few specific descriptions regarding this practice being done in cattle. Five different techniques were compared for injection into the distal sesamoid bursa in cattle including distal plantar approach parallel with the coronary band, proximal plantar approach, distal plantar approach parallel with the sole, abaxial approach, and distal interphalangeal joint injection. The results revealed that the numbers of needle insertion until proper placement is significantly less in the DIPJ and the DPPS techniques compared to the others [P<0.05]. Also, based on the times of contrast agent injection after the correct successful needle insertion, there were significant differences between DIPJ with DPPCB, PP30 and the Ab45 techniques [P<0.05]. According to the absence of direct communication between the distal sesamoid bursa and distal interphalangeal joint, the placement of the needle through distal plantar approach parallel with the sole was suggested

Cast immobilization for treatment of dorsally subluxated proximal interphalangeal joint in a Thoroughbred mare

Subluxation of the proximal interphalangeal joint [PIPJ or pastern joint] is an uncommon condition that occurs in the forelimb or hindlimb. Thoroughbred racehorses rarely show dorsal pastern subluxation [Thoroughbred ringbone] secondarily to an injury to the soft tissues supporting the fetlock. A 4-year-old Thoroughbred mare was presented with signs of lameness, swelling of the dorsal aspect of the pastern region of the right forearm and audible clicking sound when weight was placed on the limb. The condition seemed to have been developed as a consequence of extreme overexertion 4 days before referral. Radiographic examination of a non-weight bearing limb showed dorsal subluxation of the pastern joint. Under general anesthesia the affected limb was immobilized by cast after reduction of the luxated bone into the PIPJ. The affected limb was kept immobilized for four weeks. Then the cast was removed and the animal was given rest for two months. Consequently, weight bearing on the affected limb was improved and no signs of lameness were observed after six months

[Survey of lameness in six dairy farms of Shiraz and marvdasht during one year period]

Descriptive study of lameness in some dairy farmsin Shiraz and Marvdasht in Pars Province.Descriptive study.624 cattle in six dairy farms.The dairy farms were selected on the basis ofowners' cooperation, type of production and predominantbreed [Holstine breed]. In the first step farmers wereinterviewed using a questionnaire to record the generalinformation of herd. A separate form was completed forevery affected cow according to history and clinicalexamination. This study was continued for a period of oneyear.The results of this study wereanalyzed descriptively.The results indicated that 13.74% of examinedcattle showed lameness. From that 4.8% were in winter, 4% in spring, 2.12% in summer and 2.7% in autumn.Lactating cows were most affected. 2-5 years old cowswere the most sensitive ones. Most of lesions were locatedin thedigital region [89.55%] showing72.10%inhindlimb, 46.48% in lateral claw of hind limbs.Bed condition, rainfall, age, hoof trimmingmanagement, no footbath, inadequate exercise and stage oflactation were determining factors in occurrence oflameness in this studyDescriptive study of lameness in some dairy farmsin Shiraz and Marvdasht in Pars Province.Descriptive study.624 cattle in six dairy farms.The dairy farms were selected on the basis ofowners' cooperation, type of production and predominantbreed [Holstine breed]. In the first step farmers wereinterviewed using a questionnaire to record the generalinformation of herd. A separate form was completed forevery affected cow according to history and clinicalexamination. This study was continued for a period of oneyear.The results of this study wereanalyzed descriptively.The results indicated that 13.74% of examinedcattle showed lameness. From that 4.8% were in winter, 4% in spring, 2.12% in summer and 2.7% in autumn.Lactating cows were most affected. 2-5 years old cowswere the most sensitive ones. Most of lesions were locatedin thedigital region [89.55%] showing72.10%inhindlimb, 46.48% in lateral claw of hind limbs.Bed condition, rainfall, age, hoof trimmingmanagement, no footbath, inadequate exercise and stage oflactation were determining factors in occurrence oflameness in this study

case report of canine cutaneous histiocytoma in Iran

Canine cutaneous histiocytoma [CCH] is a benign skin growth found only in the dog. A three- year- old mixed Iranian female dog was refered to the Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine of Shiraz University with a mass at the lateral aspect of right thorax. The mass was removed surgically and sent to the Department of Pathobiology. After macroscopic and microscopic study of the mass, it was diagnosed as canine cutaneous histiocytoma

effect of bone marrow graft on bone healing: a radiological and biomechanical study

There are multiple methods for acceleration of bone healing. Bone marrow has been shown to contain osteoprogenitor cells. To determine the effect of percutaneous bone marrow injection on bone healing. 15 mature, 2-kg-weighing white New Zealand rabbits from both sexes were randomized into 3 groups: Group I: Only osteotomy of right radius was performed and a 5 mm bony defect was made. Group II: Same as group I, with the defect filled by bonegraft, taken from the iliac crest. Group III: Same as group I plus percutaneous bone marrow injection 5 days after the operation. 45 days post-operation, the rabbits were sacrificed. The radii of both forelimbs were isolated and tested by tensile testing machine. There was a significant difference between groups I and III [p<0.001] for toleration of maximum load and bending stiffness. No significant difference was observed between groups II and III for these parameters. Bone marrow injection has an effect on bone healing comparable to bone grafting. This technique is non-invasive and simple without any significant complication